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USS ''Scourge'' was an American warship converted from a confiscated Canadian merchant schooner. She foundered along with the American warship during a squall on Lake Ontario at 2:00am on Sunday, August 8, 1813,.〔The two schooners had spent all Saturday (August 7) chasing the enemy. An account of the sinking in the Buffalo Gazette on August 17, 1813 stated: "It is with deep regret that we record the following facts: about 2 o’clock on Sunday morning last, a most dreadful accident happened in Commodore Chauncey’s squadron off Forty Mile Creek on Lake Ontario; the schooners General Hamilton, Lieut. Winter, and Scourge, Sailing Master Osgood, were upset and lost…〕 during the War of 1812. ''Scourge'' began its career as the schooner ''Lord Nelson'', named after the famous British Admiral Horatio Nelson. The schooner was built at Niagara-on-the-Lake in Upper Canada for merchant James Crooks and launched on May 1, 1811 as an unarmed merchant schooner to carry freight between Upper Canadian ports. ''Lord Nelson'' was illegally seized by the US Navy on 9 June 1812, almost two weeks before the War of 1812, on suspicion of smuggling. The schooner was on a voyage from Prescott, Upper Canada to Niagara, Upper Canada (then known as Newark) carrying freight and personal luggage when it was stopped and searched by Lt. Melancthon T. Woolsey in command of the American warship USS ''Oneida''. Woolsey accused the ''Lord Nelson'' of smuggling American goods in violation of the Embargo Act of 1807, which forbid trading between the United States and British colonies. The schooner was taken to the US naval base at Sackets Harbor, New York. Although there was no proof of smuggling and the schooners owner James Crooks immediately went to Sackets Harbour to dispute the seizure, the onset of war prevented the return of his vessel.〔("History of the Ships Before the War", ''The Hamilton and the Scourge, National Historic Sites'' )〕 The schooner was commissioned into the US Navy at Sackets Harbor, where it was renamed USS ''Scourge''. For naval service it was armed with four 6-pounder cannons, four 4-pounder cannons and fitted with bulwarks. The schooner was placed in Captain Isaac Chauncey's squadron and patrolled Lake Ontario during the War of 1812. About 84 men perished when the ''Hamilton'' and ''Scourge'' sank during a sudden squall off-shore from Fourteen Mile Creek, east of present-day Hamilton, Ontario around 2:00 am on Sunday August 8, 1813. ''Scourge'' was under the command of Sailing Master Joseph Osgood. According to a Letter of August 1813 after both ships were lost, sixteen members of the crew survived.〔(August 1813 letter by Capt. Chauncey reporting the loss of ''Hamilton'' and ''Scourge'' )〕 A survivor of the ''Scourge'', Ned Myers, told his story to James Fenimore Cooper.〔(Survivor Ned Myers account of the sinking )〕 According to Myers about eight men from the ''Scourge'' were saved, and about 42 were lost. The site of the sunken ships was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1976.〔(Hamilton and Scourge ), Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada〕〔(Hamilton and Scourge ), National Register of Historic Places〕 The Ontario Heritage Act was amended in 2005 to provide special protection to the shipwrecks of the ''Hamilton'', the ''Scourge'', and the SS ''Edmund Fitzgerald'' because of their historical and cultural significance and because they contain human remains. After the war, the schooner's original owner James Crooks, resumed his claim for the schooner. On 11 July 1817, the Court of Northern District of New York, determined that the vessel had been seized illegally. Despite the court's decision, compensation to the Crooks family was not paid because the funds had been embezzled by the clerk of the court. Crook's descendants, persisted and finally won compensation for the schooner 97-years-later in 1914, thanks to the determination of Henry James Bethune. The award was $5000, plus 93 years of interest.〔HENRY JAMES BETHUNE (GREAT BRITAIN) v. UNITED STATES (Lord Nelson case. May 1, 1914. Pages 432-435.) https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:oypoVPNM9-AJ:untreaty.un.org/cod/riaa/cases/vol_VI/32-35_Henry.pdf+Henry+James+Bethune&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiFdc9MukHryadF7MrM0KdAh8kyEplO7pq_q__gVwW2kpnFCz78dFflAyu-x542abyrTGfbrW9OkdNAof-XdE1HlOm9sHcTUweSWdsPsa33wXcBDH58Hmo0v-HjREQFkk3H5Umx&sig=AHIEtbRwpl8af6r-BbKoSfk4QgZtSCN3VQ〕 Total compensation came to $23,644.38, reduced to $15,546.63 after deduction of legal expenses, and was paid by the United States government to the 25 descendents of James Crooks.〔("James Crooks: Original Owner Before the War", ''The Hamilton and the Scourge, National Historic Sites'' )〕 ==Crew list== * Mr. Joseph Osgood - Sailing Master - lost in storm * Mr. Osgood's Steward - a mulatto - survived the storm * Mr. Bogardus - Master's mate - survived the storm * Unnamed ships pilot - survived the storm * William Deer - Boatswain - lost in storm * George Turnblatt - Gunner - lost in storm * Lemuel Bryant - survived the storm * Ebenezer Duffy - a mulatto and the Ship's Cook - survived the storm * Tom Goldsmith - survived the storm * Simeon Grant - left the ship before the storm after losing a hand in an accident * James Lawson - Seaman - lost in storm * Leonard Lewis - survived the storm * Mr. Livingston - left the ship before the storm * Ned Myers - survived the storm * Philips - powder-boy - lost in storm * Bill Southard - lost in storm 〔(Ned Myers Or a Life Before the Mast )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Scourge (1812)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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